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Seizing the Day in Robert Herrick’s poem, “To the...

To what extent may an argument be framed as believable or serious? Persuasion on seizing the day is a common theme in Robert Herrick’s poem, â€Å"To the Virgins, To Make Much of Time† and Andrew Marvel’s â€Å"To His Coy Mistress†. The arguments within the poems can seem unrealistic, a little hyperbolic, with an underlying intent to acquire a woman to sleep with them. The concrete position of all the arguments within the two poems seems to be, getting a woman to sleep with them. The two poets posses similarities between the two pieces of poetry, however argue the topics in different ways. Beauty is not forever lasting, coyness put aside, while pleasure embraced, and time is of the essence; are all points made to intrigue women to be with them. To focus on those points a little: The beauty of a woman is compared to aspects of nature. Herrick’s poem only looks at the physical qualities of a woman, unlike Marvel’s, which references pers onality along with physical traits. Sexual passion embraced, and coyness set aside? The poets, both urge women to act upon sexual urges while they stay youthful, but if a woman was told they are not going to be desired when older, would they actually want to be with someone who tells them that? Time is moving quickly and its made known within the poems. Herrick is an advocate to relate everything to physical aspects, so of course he says a woman’s beauty diminishes quickly. Marvel does not relate beauty and time together, instead he would

Political Economy Sustaining Culture and Seeking †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Political Economy Sustaining Culture and Seeking. Answer: Introduction Tourism in the contemporary times has occupied the second position in terms of leading the worlds economic condition by ensuring maximum global earning after that of the oil industry. Tourism accounts for over $300 billion which is approximately 25% of the worlds total GNP. The worlds fastest growing sector is identified to be the tourism sector in terms of economy recording an average rate of 7.1 per cent development in the annual manner. Despite having such statistically strength in terms of growth it seems tourism in many countries is still an apparently more vulnerable sector for getting affected through political turmoils (Bunakov et al. 2015, p.39). Tourism is a sector that has to deal with various affairs taking place in the diverse regions of the world hence also has the equal amount of vulnerability to get impinged by consequences related this aspect. The issues of political instability that may take place within and between the states becomes highly relevant as determining factors for imaging of the destinations before generating tourism plans in a particular region. These fall into the basic requisites for the organisers of the tourism sector to ensure maximum safety and security of the tourists. By the term political instability it clearly delineates the conditional state of the country in which the government and the operations conducted by them undergo severe instability or periodic disruptions. Political instability surrounds a wide range of multidimensional and complex aspect suggesting lack of control and social-order resulting in overall unsteadiness within the country (Mowforth and Munt, 2015, p.45). Some among the extreme conditions or events that lead to political instability as the automatic consequence are civil wars, terrorism attacks, political and social strikes and conditions of unrest. Tourism in the recent times has eventually gained a position that is led and associated with governmental intervention. Major events taking place in the varied regions have significantly affected the tourism sector to not only cause threat but have to bare heavy losses due to political unrest conditions. The relationship between the tourism sector and politics might not the supreme focal pint of the political parties and elections but it does have a significant role to play within the sector concerned. The necessity of the political intervention through the formulation of policies lies fundamentally due to integration of economic, cultural and intellectual benefits. This sort of amalgamations are required in this sector as an essential requisite to collectively bind the people, destinations and countries for the purpose of improving the global standard of living (Causevic and Lynch, 2013, p.153). Peace and prosperity are the primary responsibilities of the political powers throughout the world. It is necessary to understand the relevance of the political role before taking any nation into consideration for the intension of travel. Moreover, it is evident that the political aspects are closely interwoven with that of the economic aspects of the specific country to be travelled (Yang e t al. 2013, p.90). Tourism instead of being treated as an extension to the politics must rather be considered as a strong tool to be used to bring economy for political requirements. By strengthening the tourism sector a political power of a nation shall enable to obtain a better position in terms of GDP contribution for that nation. Having said that, the tourism sector has in the recent times has flourished so much that it is impracticable for the government to ignore the tourism activities from their sphere of interest. The government that shoulders responsibilities regrading evolving the pattern and pace of the overall economic ongoing of the nation needs to be conscious regarding the activities of tourism sector as well. There is a rather active participation noticed on the part of the government with respect to restore the faith in terms of feelings safe to travel to diverse nations across the world (McDowell et al. 2013, p.299). The tourism policies are made to concentrate upon the ways and means by which decision shall be taken by the governing bodies than merely analysing the issues. This step has evidently proved a considerable effort coming from both the public as well as the private sectors for acknowledging the nature of tourism with serious relevance. On analysing the influences of political instability upon tourism sector a number of events can be noted for posing negative consequences over the tourists and their practices of travel. Some of such events are discussed below: Political violence leading to create political crisis situation Beijing has in the recent past witnessed forceful suppression of the student protests by the Chinese authorities. The civilian population residing in these areas were threatened in a big way with the help of military tanks. This event gained the attention of audiences throughout the world as striking the prime news covers on an international podium. The consequence of which led to ruin the image of Chinese government in terms of international impression (Wan and Bramwell, 2015, p.320). Beijing had encountered heavy losses in terms of tourism sector due to the negative opinions that people tended to grow towards the government of the region. A similar picture reflecting instance of political violence was generated due to the consequence of martial law declared upon Tibetan civilians. A situation of turmoil triggered through nationalist unrest was inflicted upon innocent public. The event of killing a foreigner at Kathmandu due to their initiative to capture the pro-democratic demonstration situation led to heavy suffering for the Tibetan tourism industry. Impact of terrorism upon tourism industry The Maoist group is one of the strongest terrorist clans who pledged to free the Peru from foreign influences. The existing Peruvian institutions were potentially replaced with revolutionary regimes. However, in their mission to free the Peru from foreign grievances, they have attacked severely. These attacks have caused significant loss in terms of income and socio-cultural aspects upon the international visitors (Becken et al. 2015, p.441). This event has affected the tourism sector in a large-scale causing big time setback. Terrorist attacks were evidently observed within Turkey as well when political group composed of Marxist-Leninist approach tried to initiate an independent Marxist state within the Southern Turkey. The local government operating in those regions had notified the foreign tourist companies to prohibit tourists from reaching their grounds (Shkurkin et al. 2016, p.14). They had attacked the tourists by bombing them in the various hotels and by kidnapping them (Farmaki et al. 2015, p.180). They evidently confronted a significant drop of 8 per cent of foreign visitors in accordance with the arrival reports since the date of the attacks taken place inj these affected regions. The state of increasing political instability has resulted in creating a negative portrayal of the countries due to the active broadcast of selective information conducted by the responsibility of the media. The potential prospect of the tourism sector of that country has automatically experienced a shattering effect. The emerging conflict between the two strongly opposing poles of South and North Korea has led to severe damage to not only property but loss of innocent lives (Avraham, 2015, p.230). The Soviet missile had shot down large number of unarmed Korea civilians due to the dominance of the North Korea upon the South regions. The South Korean students rebelled to voice their protest against the attack inflicted upon them. These events led to a sequence of consequent related events that kept the agony alive thus making the political spectrum open to great state of instability. Tourism sector often treated as a tool for political accomplishments For the purpose of projecting their own countries surrounded with a positive image and construct themselves strongly against others the government started treating tourism as a political weapon. Governments operating in the varied countries discovered the fact that political pressure channelised through this measure can prove beneficial for them (Voll and Mosedale, 2015, p.100). During the period where Philippines in order to proclaim themselves as independent freed themselves from the governance of the United States, the following election evidenced an unsteady state of the political condition. Philippines have faced issues in terms of economic, political and natural disasters after taking such a decision. Marcos then generated the thought that tourism sector must be given utmost prevalence to ensure greater economic conditions for their state. Marcos has incorporated new regime programs in order to revive Philippines from the crisis to get worsen. They started manipulating the tour ism prospects by developing that sector with utmost prevalence (Yang et al. 2014, p.1163). These practices were imbibed for the purpose of exploring better opportunities for conducting business. Conclusion Political unsteadiness is that variable which is critically entwined with the security of the particular region. However an accumulation of negative practices that tends to generate political instability pose greater risk regrading the perception of the destination in the minds of the tourists. Tourists plan to travel in search for obtaining the serenity, safety, leisure and comfort that they lack in their daily course of life (Salamey, 2015, p.120). However, if they are unable to seek the same in the destination presumed to be travelled due to such instable conditions it is obvious to mark that destination as a troubled nation. Political intrusion leading to manipulation at times may become misleading and disadvantageous for their region itself. It must be kept in mind that tourists are highly sensitive to political instability. It is fault on the part of responsible tourism sector management to not include any kind of discussion related to impact of international politics upon the field of tourism. There is considerable number of evidences proclaiming the effects of political instability upon the tourism income generation process and causing negative social and cultural consequences. It is however most desirable to seek for political stability which holds a lot of relevance in terms of tourism investments. The tourism arrival record acts as a potential parameter to evaluate the level of safety developing an attracting perception among the people. The apprehension of the resulting risks and uncertainty is most likely to decrease the tourist arrivals thus influencing the tourism sector in a negative direction. The government travel advisory seems to have a growing influence upon the choice and preference of the destination made by the travellers. Just as political power has significant negative impact upon tourism sector, they need to take the responsibility to restrict people from travelling to risk prone or war afflicted regions. Reference list Avraham, E., 2015. Destination image repair during crisis: Attracting tourism during the Arab Spring uprisings.Tourism Management,47, pp.224-232. Becken, S., Zammit, C. and Hendrikx, J., 2015. Developing Climate Change Maps for Tourism: Essential Information or Awareness Raising?.Journal of Travel Research,54(4), pp.430-441. Bunakov, O.A., Zaitseva, N.A., Larionova, A.A., Chudnovskiy, A.D., Zhukova, M.A. and Zhukov, V.A., 2015. Research on the evolution of management concepts of sustainable tourism and hospitality development in the regions.Journal of Sustainable Development,8(6), p.39. Causevic, S. and Lynch, P., 2013. Political (in) stability and its influence on tourism development.Tourism Management,34, pp.145-157. Farmaki, A., Altinay, L., Botterill, D. and Hilke, S., 2015. Politics and sustainable tourism: The case of Cyprus.Tourism Management,47, pp.178-190. McDowell, G., Ford, J.D., Lehner, B., Berrang-Ford, L. and Sherpa, A., 2013. Climate-related hydrological change and human vulnerability in remote mountain regions: a case study from Khumbu, Nepal.Regional Environmental Change,13(2), pp.299-310. Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015.Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world. Routledge. Salamey, I., 2015. Post-Arab Spring: changes and challenges.Third world quarterly,36(1), pp.111-129. Shkurkin, D.V., Sogacheva, O.V., Logvencheva, E.S. and Khramova, M.N., 2016. Modernization of the Sphere of Tourist and Hospitality Industry of the South of Russia as a Growth Factor of Socio-economic Stability of the Region.International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues,6(1S). Voll, F. and Mosedale, J., 2015. Political-economic transition in Georgia and its implications for tourism in Svaneti.TIMS. Acta,9(2), pp.91-103. Wan, Y.K.P. and Bramwell, B., 2015. Political economy and the emergence of a hybrid mode of governance of tourism planning.Tourism Management,50, pp.316-327. Yang, J., Ryan, C. and Zhang, L., 2013. Social conflict in communities impacted by tourism.Tourism Management,35, pp.82-93. Yang, J., Ryan, C. and Zhang, L., 2014. Sustaining culture and seeking a Just Destination: Governments, power and tensiona life-cycle approach to analysing tourism development in an ethnic-inhabited scenic area in Xinjiang, China.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,22(8), pp.1151-1174.

World War II between Russia and Germany Essay Example Essay Example

World War II between Russia and Germany Essay Example Paper World War II between Russia and Germany Essay Introduction In August 1939 the world was surprised by the announcement of a nonaggression pact and trade agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union. This move, uniting two apparent enemies, gave Hitler the freedom to annex more territory in the east without fear of Soviet intervention. Secret clauses in the agreement divided Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence and provided for the division of Poland between the two countries (Taylor 2005). Poland, aware of the significance of the German-Soviet pact, prepared to defend itself, and remained Britain and France of their promises to help it resist aggression. With Hitler becoming increasingly belligerent and tensions mounting, Europe braces itself for war. Despite the nonaggression pact with Hitler, Stalin remained wary of Germany’s military power and sought to secure the Baltic flank of the Soviet Union. In September and October, 1939, the tiny countries of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were pressured by the Soviet Union into signing treaties that allowed Soviet troops to be stationed in their territories. The Soviet Union annexed those nations in 1940. On October 7, 1939, the Soviet demanded that Finland gave up land near Leningrad on the Karelian Isthmus (Taylor 2005), and grants the Soviets use of the Hango (or Hanko) naval base, and negotiations ended on November 30 when the Soviet invaded Finland. World War II between Russia and Germany Essay Body Paragraphs Thesis Statement: The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the World War II between Russia and Germany. II. Discussion A. Russian Campaign, 1941 Hitler considered the conquest of the Soviet Union to be a critical part of his plan to create a German empire. The great agricultural areas of the Soviet Union would provide room for German colonists, Russian mineral resources would be exploited for German industry, and Russian labor would be used in German factories (Remak 2006). The Soviet Union was also, in Hitler’s mind, an ideological enemy: Communism could never coexist with Nazism. Hitler’s invasion plan was called Barbarossa, after the nickname of the 12th-ceentury Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I. The plan called for launching three main thrusts into the Soviet Union, with immediate goals of taking Leningrad in the north, Moscow in the center, and Kiev and the Ukraine in the south. Hitler hoped that his troops could encircle large pockets of Soviet troops (Graff 2006) , as well as capture the main Soviet industrial and agricultural regions, and thus cause resistance to collapse before winter. The plan originally called for the attack to begin in May, 1941, but it was delayed until June by the need to secure the Balkans and Greece on Germany’s southern flank. This delay may have doomed the plan—had the Germans attacked according to the original schedule, they might have had the time to reach their objectives before the offensive was stalled by the severe Russian winter of 1941-42 (Michel 2004). On June 22, 1941, the massive blitzkrieg began. The Germans, led by Field Marshal Wilhelm von Leeb in the north, Field Marshal Fedor von Bock in the center, and Field Marshal Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt in the south, attacked with some 3,000,000 men and 19 panzer divisions. Actual tank strength—about 2,400—was approximately the same as that of the 10 panzer divisions used against France in 1940 (Liddell Hart 2001). Simultaneou sly with the German attack, the Finnish army struck near Leningrad, and the Romanian army crossed into the Ukraine and drove toward Odessa. B. Russian Campaign, 1942 Russian Winter Offensive. The Soviets’ success in stopping the Germans before Moscow encouraged them to stay on the offensive in early 1942. The Germans were ill equipped for cold weather, and the forward lines were so far from Germany that supplying the troops became increasingly difficult. The Soviets attacked to the north and south of Moscow, hoping to encircle and isolate the German army that faced the city (Dupuy 2003). The Soviet met with unexpected success and retook much ground, but suffered such heavy losses were also heavy, in part because Hitler refused to allow his troops to fall back to defensible positions. An offensive was also begun from the besieged city of Leningrad, but the Soviets made little progress there. The Russian offensive ended in late February, and both sides made plans for spring ope rations (Sulzberger 2000). German Spring Offensive. The German campaign opened in May. The main effort was made in the Caucasus, with the capture of its oil fields as a major objective. Sevastopol, in the Crimea, fell on July 1, after a long siege. A major attack that was opened on June 28 soon was extended along a 200-mile (320-km) front between the Don and Donets rivers. After reaching the vicinity of Voronezh, the armies turned south. Maikop, deep in the Caucasus, was reached on August 9. The Germans had outrun their supplies, however, and made little further progress (Remak 2006). C. Russian Campaign, 1943-44 German Retreat from the Caucasus. The surrender of the German Sixth Army at Stalingrad on February 2, 1943, left Hitler’s forces in the Caucasus in a perilous situation. Field Marshal General Paul Ludwig Kleist conducted a successful retreat while Field Marshal Erich von Mannstein held a corridor open for him at Roslov. The Russians then launched an offensive from Vo ronezh toward the Ukraine, and captured Kursk on February 14 and Kharkov on February 16 (Michel 2004). However, efforts to continue the advance into the Ukraine were repulsed by German counterattacks, and the Germans recaptured Kharkov on March 14. Battle of Kursk. The Battle of Kursk was the culmination of what was to be the last great German offensive against the Soviet Union. The German plan was to attack the north side of the Soviet salient around Kursk with Field Marshal Gunther von Kluge’s Ninth Army, and simultaneously push against the southern side of the salient with the Fourth Panzer Army, led by Mannstein. These two armies would then link up and destroy the trapped Soviets (Graff 2006). German delays gave the Soviets time to prepare powerful defenses within the salient and to being in more troops and equipment. The Soviet plan was to allow the Germans to batter themselves against the Soviet defenses until exhausted, and then strike back. The two sides committed a t otal of 6,000 tanks, 4,000 aircraft, and 2,000,000 men (Liddell Hart 2001). The German attack began on July 5. Gains were small and costly, as the Soviet defenses were well prepared and the Soviets possessed air superiority. The German troops in the north advanced only about six miles (10 km) before they were stopped; those in the south gained only 20 miles (32 km) in an entire week of hard fighting. The Battle of Kursk was the largest tank battle of the war, with as many as 3,000 tanks engaged at once. The German lost some 2,000 tanks in the course of the battle, a blow from which the once dreaded panzer armies never completely recovered (Liddell Hart 2001). The Soviets’ losses were nearly as high, but their tank production was sufficient to compensate for the losses. Russian Offensive. On July 12, the Soviets struck back, attacking the German salient around Orel, but Soviet troops struck in the south, advancing against Belgorod. Belgorod was taken on August 5, the same day that Orel was liberated. Kharkov was retaken for the lat time on August 23. It had changed hands four times and was in ruins. By September, Soviet armies under General Ivan S. Konev, Rodion Y. Malinovsky, and Fedor I. Tolbukhin were attacking all along the Dnieper River. On November 6, after heavy fighting t Dnepropetrovsk and Melitopol, the Germans were pushed back across the river. Kiev, capital of the Ukraine, was also recaptured on November 6. On the central front the Germans were driven out of Smonlensk on September 25, but the Russian drive could not be sustained, grinding to a halt some 100 miles (160 km) east of Minsk (Sulzberger 2000). On January 15, 1944, the Soviets launched a major offensive in the north. Soviet troops struck south in two prongs from besieged Leningrad, and at the same time attacked near Novgorod. The Soviet advance continued steadily and German casualties were high. By early March, the German armies had been forced back to Estonia and Latvia. On March 4 , 1944, a new Soviet offensive opened in the Ukraine. A series of thrusts soon left the Germans with only an uncertain foothold in the Soviet Union. Konev’s army reached the Romanian frontier before the end of the month, and Zhukov’s troops were at the border of Czechoslovakia on April 8. After the fall of Odessa two days later the Germans had little hope of holding any part of the Ukraine (Remak 2006). A Soviet drive into the Crimea resulted in the liberation of Sevastopol on May 9. D. Final Russian Campaign, 1944-45 The Soviet Union opened its summer campaign of 1944 on June 9 with an attack on Finland. The Mannerheim Line was broken on June 18 and Viipuri was captured. Finland signed an armistice on September 4. On the other hand, Hitler was convinced that the next great Soviet offensive would be in the south part of the Eastern Front, with goal of seizing the Balkan states and their important resources. Accordingly, he moved much of his strength away from the cente r of the front in Byelo-russia and put it in the south. The Soviets, however, were planning an attack in the center (Remak 2006). III. Conclusion As a conclusion, as the war drew to a close, the nations of the word were eager to find a means of attaining permanent peace. In 1945, the United Nations was established and its charter was signed by 51 countries. However, threats to the friendly settlement of postwar problems appeared even before the charter was signed. The Soviet Union, for example, had antagonized the United States and Great Britain by annexing the Baltic states. And by making extreme reparations demands upon Germany, Hungary, and Poland. After the war, the Soviets disagreed with the other Allies about the application of the agreements they had reached concerning the status of conquered and occupied territories. Although they had promised to allow self-determination for the people of the territories they had occupied, the Soviets brought most of the Balkan nations under Communist rule. They also supported rebels in Greece, turkey, and Iran, aided the Communist uprising in China, and closed off Eastern Europe—including the Soviet occupation zone of Germany— to the outside world. These actions led to a prolonged period of tension called the â€Å"cold war’ between the Western powers and the Soviet Union. Soviet-dominated Europe, said Winston Churchill, was separated from the rest of the world by an â€Å"iron curtain.† We will write a custom essay sample on World War II between Russia and Germany Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on World War II between Russia and Germany Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on World War II between Russia and Germany Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Cause and Effect of Child Abuse

Children who display signs of sexual activities are likely to be exposed to negative maternal response. Such inappropriate sexual behaviors result in sexual abuse among children (Knott par. 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cause and Effect of Child Abuse specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Notably, a child’s sexual abuse influences the culpability perceptions of his/her mother of the non-offending cluster, hence resulting in poor maternal response. In terms of percentage, children who displayed sexually inappropriate behaviors were 10.1% more likely to be exposed to negative maternal response than those who did not show such sexual behaviors. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is efficient in mitigating inappropriate sexual behaviors that can arise on maternal response. Children become vulnerable to sexual abuse emanating from contributions of developmental and cognitive disability (1). Developmental disabilitie s, such as autism, mental illness, mental retardation, learning disabilities, among others, were noted as increasing negative maternal responses. Percentage comparisons showed that children with development disabilities were 27.5% more likely to receive negative maternal response to the disclosure of the children sexual abuse than their counterparts without development disabilities. Parents do not believe that such children can accurately give an account for events that happen to them (2). Parental response to the children is also presented in a form of abuse of the rights of the children, as they feel neglected or disowned. A study in China related suicidal ideation with child abuse, which may emanate from physical maltreatment. Therefore, mild to severe physical abuse is a form of child abuse, while suicidal ideation is an effect of such abuses on children (Kwok, Chai, and He 986). Physically abused children often attempt to commit suicide in their adolescent stages. Besides, chil dhood psychological abuse can result in suicidal ideation. These abuses are signs of verbal assaults that parents perform on their children to cause psychological fear or pain. For example, verbal attacks from parents that involve verbal hostilities and threats are abuses that increase the risk of suicidal ideation among children when they reach late adolescence. Clearly, the process of hurling verbal threats at children is an abuse in itself, as it can lead to suicidal ideation or attempts (987). Parents should avoid sarcastic or critical comments when criticizing their children in order to avert suicidal plans, attempts, and ideation. At the same time, parents ought to stop using punishments that can inflict physical pain on their children when correcting misbehaviors, as this may reduce suicidal attempts during adulthood.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Abuses on children comprise physical abuse, neglect by parents, and incapacity or absence of caregivers. Maltreatment causes injury in children, such as drowning, assault, or fall. Even though the injuries after maltreatment can be undetermined, intentional or unintentional, the deaths are either intentional or unintentional. Some maltreatment cases make children to be at high risk of losing their lives at the first referral (Putnam-Hornstein et al. 40). Abuse can also come from siblings, but depending on allegation’s hierarchy, they are classified according to initial reports. The article ‘Risk of Fatal Injury in Young Children Following Abuse Allegations’ by Putnam-Hornstein, Cleves, Licht, and Needell presented causes of child abuse, such as neglect, physical abuse, sexual exploitation, emotional abuse, and other maltreatment (41). Under neglect, there are both general and severe physical neglect (41). These abuses on children lead to high risk injuries, as well as death. All the family members can contribute to abuse on a child. The effects can be homicidal thoughts, suicidal ideation, truancy, depression, and anxiety. Children’s needs should not be ignored in order to make them feel valued and avoid or minimize emotional harm. Works Cited Knott, Theresa. Maternal Response in Cases of Suspected and Substantiated Child Sexual Abuse. Issues in Child Abuse Accusations. N.p., 29 Nov. 2012. Web. Kwok, Sylvia Y.C.L., Wenyu Chai, and Xuesong He. â€Å"Child Abuse and Suicidal Ideation among Adolescents in China.† Elsevier Journal 37.11 (2013): 986-996. Science Direct. Web. Putnam-Hornstein, Emily, Mario A. Cleves, Robyn Licht, and Barbara Needell. â€Å"Risk of Fatal Injury in Young Children Following Abuse Allegations: Evidence from a Prospective, Population-Based Study.† American Journal of Public Health 103.10 (2008): 39-44. Print. This essay on Cause and Effect of Child Abuse was written and submitted by user Liam Richardson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Significance of Loneliness and Isolation in Our Lives Essays

Significance of Loneliness and Isolation in Our Lives Essays Significance of Loneliness and Isolation in Our Lives Essay Significance of Loneliness and Isolation in Our Lives Essay As we climb up the mountain of life, we realize that at some point in time we all have to go through a stage of loneliness and isolation. It’s not easy but this stage does help us to become better people. A lot of people believe that when they get their dream career and their dream lives they would be happy beyond measures, but unfourtanely life does not work out that way. You see that stage of loneliness and isolation can happened at any stage in your life child hood, adolescence, adult hood. We all as human beings must experience this only because it makes us stronger; it opens our eyes to the world. Cathedral† by Raymond Carver and â€Å"Sonny’s Blues â€Å"by James Baldwin are two exemplary works of literature that shows the importance of going through loneliness and isolation and how it opens up one’s eyes to a whole new life. James Baldwin’s â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† is a perfect example of how one is not open with their self to view others just as others view him. The narrator of the story is a high school algebra teacher, a husband, a father, and last but not least a brother. Throughout the beginning of the story you can tell that the narrator is missing something in his life, you wouldn’t think that because it seems like he had everything. That just goes to show you that nothing is what it seems on the outside, and the narrator noticed that I believe. In the beginning of the story the narrator recently found out that his little brother Sonny had been arrested for dealing drugs. He couldn’t understand how a bright young man such as his brother could get himself into such a situation. â€Å"I told myself that Sonny wasn’t crazy†¦ he’d always been a good boy, he hadn’t turned hard or evil or disrespectful they way kids can†¦ especially in Harlem† (413). Even though he had suspicions he didn’t bother with them he kept putting it out his mind. â€Å" I hadn’t wanted to know. I had had my suspicions, but I didn’t name them, I kept putting them away†(413). The narrator hasn’t seen his brother for over year, even if he wanted to do something, what could he do, his brother chose the life that he is living he couldn’t do anything about it. It took the narrator a while before he wrote his brother, when he finally did it was after his daughter died. When Sonny wrote back to him, the brother felt bad, as if he was a bastard. After that first letter they stayed in constant contact with each other, they even went as far as seeing each other face to face when Sonny got back to New York. It was at that moment that the narrator felt like he needed to worry about his brother, he wondered about what type of life his brother was living. He remembered when their father had died and his mom told him that he must look after his brother,† Im telling you this because you got a brother. And the world ain’t changed† (422). Sonny wanted to become a musician and the narrator didn’t feel like that was going to be much use of Sonny in life, he didn’t really support his brother and that drove a wedge between him and his brother. That became the first sign of isolation, just because they didn’t agree on Sonny’s life choices didn’t have to pull them apart. Family is supposed to support each other through whatever. The isolation became a void of loneliness plagued into his heart. The narrator couldn’t see how being a musician was going to better nor enhance his brother’s life, he couldn’t understand that the blues tell a story, and that was the only way Sonny could get his voice heard by all. You see that was Sonny’s natural high, performing and letting people feel his vibes, his joy, his pain. By discussing the issues between them and them coming to a mutual ground, Sonny invited his brother to see him perform so he could understand better. Sonny showed him that everything that you keep bottled inside needs to be released and one way to do that is by music. Keeping everything inside is like silently suffocating yourself with the truth. Its okay to let things go, it’s ok to embrace your pain that’s how life is. Life is unpredictable you never know when a curve ball might be thrown at you, or better yet when you might be challenged. That is just the kind of thing that happened in Raymond Carver’s story â€Å"Cathedral†. It is a little different from Sonny’s Blues but it still deals with the concept of loneliness and isolation. The narrator of this story has been married to his wife for some time, but for some reason he becomes jealous of his wife’s old friend who so happened to be a blind man. His wife used to work for the blind men 10 years prior to their marriage and he was paving a visit to her house to see her and catch up, since his wife died not too long ago. The narrator was bothered by the thought of a blind man coming into his house. â€Å"My idea of blindness comes from the movies†¦the blind man moved slowly and ever laughed†¦A blind man in my house was not something I was looking forward to†(438). It seemed to me that the narrator was lonely because he didn’t know who he was; he struggled to figure out who he really was. The narrator was very stand offish when the blind man finally came over. He watched how is wife and the man interacted with each oth er. He was very quiet but he also seemed very awkward. The three ate dinner, sat and talked and even watched/listened to some TV. The narrator even asked the blind man if he wanted to smoke herbs with him, and so they did. When the narrators wife dozed off on the couch and it was just the blind man and him left alone he felt uncomfortable, the sounds of what was portrayed on the television was the only thing that broke the silence in the room. A Documentary about cathedrals. Until a thought came to the narrator and he asked the question, â€Å"Something has occurred to me. Do you have any idea what a cathedral is, what they look like, that is? Do you follow me? If somebody says cathedral to you, do you have any notion what they are talking about? Do you know the difference between that and a Baptist Church†? This question struck a very intriguing conversation between the two. The blind man asked the narrator to describe the cathedrals to him. He is making the narrator think outside of his little bubble, it was as if the narrator was afraid of who he was or maybe even ashamed of it, and I believe that the blind man knew that which is why he told the man â€Å"Why don’t you find us some heavy paper? And a pen. Well draw one together†. The narrator went to go find the stuff, came back and they began to draw the Cathedral together. Then the blind man told him to close his eyes and keep drawing. In that moment he realized that he and the blind man had more in common than he thought. He only saw blind men as nuisance and not as a human being who is lonely and isolated just like him but yet he has seen the world he has experienced everything. The blind man showed the narrator that it is okay to be scared but it’s not right to pretend to be something you not, no matter how different you are remember that we are all human and that we are not all the same, we don’t go through the same experiences but we might feel the same pain. Life is not always what we expect it to be, but one thing is for sure that it is an experience that we will never forget. Baldwin, James. Sonnys Blues. Responding to Literature. 5th ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill. 412-37. Print. Carver, Raymond. Cathedral. Responding to Literature. 5th ed. New York: McGraw HIll. 437-49. Print. Stanford, Judith A. Responding to Literature. 5th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2006,2003/1999,1992. Print.

Wireless Technologies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Wireless Technologies - Research Paper Example This paper aims to discuss wireless technologies with respect to its initial development, current status and the future prospects. Introduction to Wireless Technologies Few decades back the wireless technology was an unreal phenomenon for a common man but today millions of people communicate with each other through the wireless networks. This clearly represents that the wireless technology has undergone tremendous success in the last few years which has made it not only publically available rather it has also advanced the computer communication systems. In broader terms, wireless technology has its roots in the radio waves which travel through the space with the help of electronic signals (Mathias, 2004). Comer in his book related to the computer networking argues that no single model can actually explain the real theory behind the development of wireless technology (Comer, 2008). However, this can only be understood by rigorously investigating the initial development of electricity, electromagnetism and the radio waves. Although the wireless technology is significantly complex in nature but it has brought flexibility, value and ease in terms of communication and business networking. It functions on the basis of electromagnetic energy such as the radio waves, laser, infrared etc. The most common examples of wireless technology are the T.V. remote controller and the cellular devices. In internet or Local Area Networks more complex forms of data transferring systems are used which help in fast communication between two or more computers. This signifies that the fundamental purpose of wireless technologies is to provide safe and reliable platform for data transference. Hence the modern scientists are now striving to increase the strength of wireless internet (Mathias, 2004). Wireless Technologies of the Past How and why Wireless Technology was first developed? Research indicates that the wireless technology was actually initiated some 200 years ago when Benjamin F ranklin conducted his renowned kite experiment. The radios, mobile phones and the internet that we use today are a result of continuous improvement and experiments over the time. Wireless Technology does not evolved through single experiment rather it was followed by electromagnetic theory, highly significant inventions and the development of radio waves (Mathias, 2004). In 1747, Franklin actually proposed an electricity model which gave way to the development of fast, highly reliable and cheap wireless system. Franklin was primarily working on the electricity generation however, during his experiments he realized and later concluded that electricity can actually move through the air medium. In 1819, A Danish physicist identified the astonishing relationship between magnetic and electric field. He observed that the needle of a compass was moving when placed into the electric field. This phenomenon was later termed as electromagnetism. Michael Faraday, in 1831 built the very first ge nerator which was operated through direct current. Although his experiment was not beneficial in the way of wireless technology but it did provide a clear way to the future scientists to work upon (Mathias, 2004). Later James Clerk Maxwell gave the theories on electromagnetic waves travelling through the space. These actually laid the foundation of wireless technology. These equations were then used by Heinrich Hertz who invented the oscillator in 1887 which helped in the creation of radio waves. Thereafter the FM radio, electronic tube and the digital decoding systems were developed. These were then linked with the wireless

Social responsibility and company reflection Essay

Social responsibility and company reflection - Essay Example ompany takes responsibility for its corporate actions and ensures a positive impact on the social environment and society in general thus impacting that of the stakeholders of the company. It is the responsibility of the company to meet with all the legal and social requirements structured by the program for the positive developments in the environment. Failure to behave responsibly in their business practices can have negative effects on the stakeholders of the company, which then reflects on the company itself. Thus the main aim of the corporate social responsibility is to satisfy the stakeholders of any company. The Plymouth Better Together program is an endeavor undertaken by the Plymouth Chamber of Commerce to involve the local business community in contributing towards a safer and healthier social and economic environment. They provide opportunities to companies to sign-up at their platform and pledge their support to a wide range of social issues and then report back on these issues. The report provided by the various companies chartered under Plymouth better together serves as a testimony to the success of the program as well as gives the program a chance to improve itself. The charter of pledges as designed in the program encourages the owners of the business to conduct different activities to meet with the objectives of good corporate governance and social responsibility. It also gives a chance for businesses to enhance their performances by taking part in and offering various social programs. This essay reviews the various objectives of this charter of pledges introduced by the Plym outh Better Together program and how its charter holders, Plymouth University and Plymouth’s local business Print Copy Scan (PCS), apply it. The essay also examines the positive results of this program as seen on the report of Print Copy Scan, (PCS). The essay also aims to draws conclusions on the effectiveness of the program. Plymouth University is one the universities in

Scrutiny of Property as an Investment Class Essay

Scrutiny of Property as an Investment Class - Essay Example Risk is a calculation of what is anticipated to occur but not what is really happening. Investment determinations nevertheless need the inference of an unidentified future return, which is known as expected return. Since there is a series of probable results there is no assurance that the estimation will be accurate, but it is the most excellent likely evaluation. The increase of allocation of anticipated returns about the entire expected mean estimation is typically calculated by the standard deviation (), or its square, the variance (2), and this is the typical risk measure. When assets are pooled in a portfolio, the anticipated return is a subjective mean of the individual asset's predictable return. The weights are the ratios of these assets accommodated in the portfolio. The portfolio risk is composite. The portfolio risk reckons not only on the weights and the individual chances but also on the correlativity between the assets. The correlation coefficient, , assesses joint moves between the two variables and how they vary jointly. The rate can differ from -1.0 to +1.0, even though for majority of the variables, the correlation coefficient lies between these two valu... The threat of the portfolio is the weighted mean of the risks of the assets in the portfolio. When the relationship is -1.0, the return are absolutely negative correlated which means that with the increase or decrease in the value of one variable the other variable will move in the opposite proportions. The correlation coefficient for assets without any correlation at all is zero (Perold, 2004). According to Hoesli, M., and MacGregor, B. D., (2000), "the first stage was to compute the expected return and risk of each individual asset and to use these to calculate the portfolio expected return and risk from all possible combination of weights, using both linear programming and investing." In reality, no two assets can ever be completely correlated as their income is impacted by diverse factors. When all of the correlations are fully correlated, the risk is constantly less than the weighted mean. In this event, some of the risk from one asset can be counterbalanced to an extent by the other asset, so that the standard deviation of the portfolio always remains lesser than the mean risk of the weighted average of the standard deviation of each item. This is the foundation of variegation and portfolio creation. The quantity by which risk is cut down reckons on the correlations among the assets. The lesser the correlation is between rent and capital gains on different assets the further away the correlation will be from +1 resulting in greater profits of variegation. Consequently, investors who hold a broadened portfolio with not completely correlated assets could get rid of the risk linked with the individual assets. According to Brown, Keith C. and Frank K. Reilly,

Use Of Timber In Projects Construction Essay

Use Of Timber In Projects Construction Essay The informal interviews revealed some additional factors, not discussed in the literature review, which may have helped to shape the position of timber within the marketplace in the UK. These factors were included in the formal questionnaire and are discussed below. Time to complete timber construction projects Discussion with timber engineers revealed that the time taken to build on site with timber is longer than typical steel structures. Though we would not wish to suggest that careful engineering of steel structures is any less important, it must be accepted that the steel construction in the UK has a very well established track record for single storey non domestic use. Steel sheds for commercial and industrial use are ubiquitous the length and breadth of the UK and, by association, the engineering and site skills which produced them must be very well established in the UK construction industry. How long history of steel construction manifests itself in a construction project can be quite subtle. The bolt length in steel is 30mm but timber can be 300mm so tolerance to fit them on site is far narrower with timber. Timber engineer, Peter Steer remarked that to get the bolt into its fixing can be highly problematic and can cause delay for inexperienced fabricators. Such delay simply wouldnt happen for steel fabrication as the skill involved in fitting a 30m bolt is commonplace compared to a 300mm bolt. There are very many more steel fabricators with the skills to deliver the former but far fewer timber site specialists who can comfortably deliver the latter. So the tendency is for delay on site. It is difficult to compare timber projects with an exact match for a steel frame project but timber structural engineer Frank Werling said that engineered timber structures can require 3 weeks to engineer versus 1 week for steel. Price differential between steel and engineered timber sections Nick Milestone, MD of B K Timber Structures said that the rising price of steel during the period 2000-2008 saw the price of engineered timber draw closer to comparable steel sections. This gave greater price competitiveness to timber suppliers and the use of timber gradually became more widespread in the UK. The word gradually must be emphasised there because long span timber structures were still quite rare until very recently when supermarkets and their architects led the way in demanding timber for these low rise, long span timber structures. Even though steel prices were climbing rapidly there was such a weight of expertise, of established supply chains and comfort of architects and clients in steel structures that steel retained its hegemony in the market. However since 2008 steel has crashed from circa 1400euro to 1000euro a tonne. This has coincided with a drop in the value of the pound relative to the euro. (European Central Bank statistics www.ecb.europa.eu/stats) The result is that, although the disparity between steel and Glulam sections had narrowed to approximately 10% in 2008, it is now over 40%. However demand at BK timber structures hasnt fallen while the price differential has widened during the past 2 years. This may be because there are other drivers such as the high aesthetic of Glulam beams and the sustainability of using timber structures that are keeping timber buoyant in the marketplace. Supply of engineered timber for large framed structures Tim Reynolds of BRE explained that UK timber eg Sitka spruce has a strength grade of C16. That grown in the drier EU countries is C24 or better. Glulam requires at least C24 timber. Therefore, here in the UK we must accept a situation where our own forests cannot produce timber of adequate strength grades. Either the timber is imported from other countries for UK factories to produce the Glulam, or Glulam sections are bought ready made from factories overseas. If the former situation were to take place then a company would need to find enormous start-up costs to procure the right machinery and train the workforce necessary to begin producing large Glulam sections. This would need to take place against a growing but still relatively minor market share for engineered timber frame construction in the UK. Furthermore, this hypothetical new UK Glulam factory would still be competing against established European competitors who have developed their expertise and can use locally sourced timber. In fact, often the large forestry and sawmilling companies in EU nations have sufficient scale and turnover to be able to afford the capital investment necessary to develop their own Glulam manufactories. This could not realistically take place in the UK where, not only do our forests produce insuffici ently strong softwood for Glulam manufacture, but the forestry industry is diffuse. Small UK forestry firms with modest turnover are content to sell their lumber for fence posts and other lower grade uses. They would be unlikely to find the capital necessary to establish their own Glulam manufactories. Where timber buildings, such as grid-shell structures, can be built with lower strength UK grown timber there has traditionally been a problem with the supply from the UK forestry industry, according to Peter Wilson of the centre for Timber Engineering at Napier University. The Scottish enterprise centre identified this as a key barrier to development of UK forestry into higher value added markets. It came to the conclusion that the barrier to using UK grown timber was a lack of qualified engineers who understood the potential of the material. For this reason the centre for timber engineering was set up. Peter Wilson says there has been a significant improvement in the skill base in the UK but there is still no culture of building with timber in the UK. Also, here the forestry sector is fragmented and, apart from isolated examples such as the magnificent Savills Grid-shell building, earns its living at the bottom of the value chain with fence posts and pallet manufacture. Due to this fragmented and low earning forestry sector there is little capital to invest in plant and sawmill machinery. By contrast, Scandinavian, Austrian and German forestry companies are large economic concerns with the capital to set up Glulam manufactories where start-up costs can be 20 million euro or more, almost as a secondary concern. No UK timber company or forestry company would be able to set up such a facility. This is likely to remain a structural reason why high strength structural engineered timber must be imported into the UK. This may have implications for surety of supply and cost differentials due to exchange rates. UK traditional procurement methods According to survey respondents the UK has, to some extent, lagged behind mainland Europe in the adoption of Project Management procurement methods, or Novated design and build, where a site structural engineer can be part of the design team at an early stage. There are fewer architects experienced and skilled enough in designing the connection details of large span timber structures in the UK due to the relative scarcity of such projects. By contrast architects who can design and work with steel connections in relative comfort are far more common and all stages of the design process for steel structures are so well established in the UK that the plans are efficiently realised on site by the steel fabricators. The relative lack of recent project experience from UK architects with timber means that the involvement of a site structural engineer is of great importance. The connection details can be complex and often need to be prefabricated to specific design tolerances before they can be assembled on site. A traditional procurement process would tend to leave these connection details until later in the process when there is a pressing and critical need for erection of the structure on site. As the site engineers in this traditional process will be unlikely to have been involved in the design team then there will be inevitable delay as they attempt to interpret the plans of the design engineer. At this point, the costs incurred by the site fabricators are higher as they are devoting more resources into carrying out plans that they have not been involved in. This lack of communication or cohesion in the design of the engineering element of the building can have cost implications and act as a d isincentive to design timber structures. If we look at the example of the Savill building at Windsor great park Green Oak Carpentrys Site Manager, Steve Corbett, said there were genuinely no real problems with the construction, which he attributed to the architect commissioning Buro Happold and Green Oak Carpentry early in the design phase so that engineering issues were addressed as part of the design from the start. Mark Feely, a chartered architectural technologist, who worked on a recent RICS award submitted design for an ASDA timber store in Oldham told me that his client pushed for a sustainable green store and Finn Forest UK Ltd were employed before the architect. It was a design and build contract so it was unusual to go straight for a technical supplier without competitive tender. Mark explained that sometimes this unusual sequence of procurement happens when a contractor is persuasive with a client and can demonstrate a technical mastery of a structure that suits their needs. This possibly lends weight to an argument that both clients and architects lack the experience of working with these timber structures and are looking for technical leadership from contractors who, as we have discussed, are few in UK construction. This ASDA store was also deemed to be time critical as there was a clear marketing strategy to keep pace with Tesco who had recently procured a timber framed store buildin g. Fire risk, perception of risk and insurance implications Suppliers of timber structural products said that they faced a perception from clients that their building insurance would be higher due to a perceived high risk of fire. Discussions with fire engineers at insurance companies have suggested that there is no price difference fixed for timber structures and it depends on the overall building design and detailing. Skills and training in design and assembly of timber structures There are fewer carpentries in the UK than in other EU countries where there is a tradition and a demand for timber building in non domestic settings. For timber contractors such as BK structures, the demand for their services can outstrip their capacity and as there are few competing companies the order books become full and projects may struggle to find contractors without booking well in advance of the project. This would also suggest that the price of carpentry is kept buoyant by a relative lack of competition. At the Napier school for Timber engineering there has been a recent surge in applicants for courses in timber engineering to Eurocode 5 on 31st March 2010. The courses were oversubscribed and, while this represents a positive demand from qualified timber engineers for developing their skills, there will be an inevitable lag effect. Engineers will need to familiarise themselves with EC5 and to become proficient with putting the new code into practise. Dr Julie Bregulla of the BRE told me that this is quite a significant barrier for the UK timber industry and stems from the almost cottage-industry nature of the sector. In other countries the timber sector has more resources to employ people to lobby and negotiate to have the code structured in a way that suits their industry. Analysis of structured questionnaire The table on (page) shows the full data set from the respondents to the questionnaire. The statements listed were put forward to a range of leading figures from all parts of the supply chain in timber construction. Suppliers, clients, timber engineers, architects and academic research professionals were asked to rank these statements from 0 to 10 with 0 at the end of the continuum where there was profound disagreement and 10 at the end where there was strongest agreement. This data is expressed in the chart below, where the bars represent the highest, lowest and mean ranking for each question.

Reflection on Reading Essay

Looking Back In Order to Move Forward As a future elementary school teacher, I have always thought the task of teaching kids could be a rewarding and gratifying experience. However, I recently realized that in order to obtain these rewarding experiences the teacher and students must work hard and with determination. Learning to read can be a very daunting task for a youngster. Therefore, as a teacher, it is your job to facilitate positive reading strategies from the start. Looking back at my experiences as an early reader, I can gain some insight as to what might help or hinder my future students. I believe that one of the most important things you can do for your child is to start reading to them at an early age. Before I even became a school aged child my mother would sit on the couch with my brother and I just after lunch and read books. Sometimes it was a favorite book that we had picked and other times they were early reader books like Dick and Jane. I remember being snuggled up on the couch helping her point to the words as she read along. Then at bed time she would read aloud from a chapter book. My brother and I would eagerly open our minds to the words as they came off the page. Some of my fondest memories as a child are listening to my mother read Charlotte’s Web and Stuart Little to us. Since I consider reading to a child one the best ways to open their imagination to new worlds, I fully intend to different forms of literature into my classroom. I think by hearing an adult read aloud to a child, the child is then able to properly hear and feel the author’s intentions for tone and emotion of his or her book. I don’t think you are ever too old to sit and listen to a book, especially if you can open up a child’s mind to a book that he or she would never pick up on their own accord. I firmly believe that my mother laid the foundation for better success once I entered elementary school. My elementary school experience probably started out a little different than most kids. I lived in a little valley in East Napa County which currently has a population of 488. I sense that the population has stayed around 500 people since I was little. As I entered elementary school the class sizes were extremely small. In fact the school only had three classrooms total for grades kindergarten through eighth grade. My first teacher taught kindergarten through the 2nd grade all  in one classroom, while 3rd-5th was taught in the second classroom and 6th-8th in the last classroom. I had 4 other students in kindergarten with me at the time, a girl and three boys. Some might think this to be the ideal situation because of the attention that each student would get. However, I felt the complete opposite. The teacher was constantly busy trying to make sure the curriculum for each grade level was being taught and there was very little time for students that were struggling. I remember being put into groups and given workbook pages with very little instruction or guidance as to what was expected. Many of the boys had trouble with this approach and needed more guidance to get started in their tasks. The teacher often mistook the fact that they did not fully comprehend what was expected of them on the workbook pages as disobedience, which often lead to punishment. In order to curb the potential for punishment, the students who excelled helped those who struggled. I don’t really think this environment is particularly beneficial to children in elementary school. However, there were some great things about this learning environment that I really enjoyed. My teacher loved to sing and play the guitar and brought her love into the classroom with her. Every morning we would get into a circle and sing songs with her. Some of the songs were just plain fun songs to sing, but many of the songs taught us letter sounds, and phonics. I remember loving circle time and singing the songs to my mom when I got home from school. I believe that music can play an important part in helping children learn to read, and even though I am not a singer or musician I intend to use music in my classroom to enhance my students learning atmosphere. I feel learning the phonics of letters through the rhythms of music truly helped me as I began to sit down with my first readers. As I began applying what I was learning in the songs to some basic basal readers like Dick and Jane I was able to find patterns between the phonics in the songs and the words on the page. We had books that were themed each week with certain phonic sounds. The sound was then repeated throughout the book but in different words. We were able to take these books home and practice with our parents. I think that practice and repetition are key in continuing to recognize letters with their phonic sounds. I feel these books served the purpose of achieving good reading skills for me as a child, and continue to be helpful to children today as they learn to read. There are two other techniques that my teacher used to help teach us how to read. One I consider to be a good strategy and the other I am not too fond of. The first approach was using a tape recorder and head sets. We would sit down with a book and follow along with our finger as a voice was reading the book to us in our ear. I think this particular approach works because it releases the anxiety and stress of having to pick apart the words on a page in order to learn them. By following along they are able to develop listening skills and hear the correct pronunciation of the word and associate it with the word on the page. After listening to the book, we were asked to answer a few questions about we had just listened, which gave us our first exposure to comprehension. I feel this method works fairly well but could be enhanced by taking five to ten minutes to ask the students questions out loud about what they had just listened to, so they get accustomed to forming thoughts and speaking about books. The last tactic that my teacher used I found a little repressive. She would sit us down on the floor with sock puppets and speak to us in baby voices. Each week the puppets would present a new constant and vowel sound to us. I remember feeling a little disturbed, and telling my mom that my teacher was trying to pretend like she was on Sesame Street. My mom reminded me that I did not take too kindly to the puppets, and that I found them rather babyish. In our text book, Mosaic of Thought, Ellin writes that too often we draw negative conclusions about a child’s ability to comprehend and think at high levels when the problem is his or her ability to articulate that thinking. I believe that my teacher really underestimated her student’s ability to learn by teaching them with sock puppets. In all actuality, it really was not necessarily the sock puppets that really came into question, but the baby voices in which she used. These baby voices simulated that of someone talking to a toddler who is beginning to learn to speak. I think as children enter elementary school they want to feel important and what they are learning is significant, but I feel my teacher imposed the opposite effect on her student. She devalued the process of learning by speaking in baby voices and using puppets. After a few years my mom began to see the affects the school was having on my brother and I, and she decided to drive us thirty minutes each way to an elementary school in a nearby town. This change in atmosphere did wonders for both my brother and I, but the change did not happen until I was entering the 3rd grade. Once at this new school a whole new world opened up to me. We began reading newspapers, and sharing articles that we had read with the class. We started writing book reports and began to question what we were reading. I think the best part of the new school was having a whole classroom of students that were in the same grade. We were often separated into groups based on our reading level in order to read and discuss what we were reading. This helped my confidence tremendously. However it was not until I was in high school that the teachers began to try and teach active reading strategies, by seeking out the meaning in books like Catcher in the Rye and a Wrinkle in Time. I struggled with these new concepts, and still do as an adult. I think I could have greatly benefitted from starting this process at a younger age. As a future teacher, and parent, I firmly believe that in order for a child to become an active reader, and really learn to love books we need to unlock their minds to all possible reading strategies. We must have them begin questioning books and theories early, so that they learn to be active readers. I also believe that students need a parent who is actively in tune with the child’s learning process. When a parent shows the student how important reading is and shows gratitude towards progress being made, the child will excel in his class work. I think as a future teacher I will use some of the tried and true strategies like listening stations, and bringing words alive with music and rhythm. However I will not be afraid to deviate from the norm and experiment beyond the workbook pages in order to connect with my students. One of my greatest joys is reading, and I hope one day I can bestow that upon young children.

Henry V coursework ~ War criminal or Hero? Essay

Henry V is known as an ideal king and Shakespeare presents him as a great warrior. The writer shows this by making him have inspirational leadership qualities as well as being able to relate to ordinary people. Henry takes his responsibilities very seriously and is very fair and just. The king is deeply religious, however, he can be ruthless. Overall Henry is regarded as a national hero. Firstly, Henry has a range of reasons why he declares war on France. I think the main reason is to follow his father’s advice and unite the country. An example of this is on his deathbed and he says â€Å"busy giddy minds with foreign quarrels†, this shows the country needs uniting and to do this he should start a war with a foreign country. The next reason is to live up to his ancestors and be glorified like them. This is shown by Canterbury when he states, â€Å"Invoke his warlike spirit, your great – uncles, Edward the black prince† and â€Å"Look back to your mighty ancestors†. This shows he has to live up to his ancestors and be as good as them. Thirdly, Henry feels he has a strong claim for the throne. For instance, he feels he has a claim because of his great – grandmother and goes to Canterbury to find out. He asks Canterbury if he deserves it, when he says â€Å"Justly and retigiously unfold, why the salic law †¦. or should or should not bar us in our claim†/ Henry feels he has the right but must be absolutely sure not to make a false claim. He doesn’t want men’s lives on his conscience. Then another reason is people expect him to. An illustration of this is when Exeter says, â€Å"your brothers kings and monarchs of the earth do all expect that you should rouse yourself†. As a king he is expected to take charge of his country and claim what could be a great venture. Also, the church offers to pay. For example, when Canterbury states, â€Å"In aid where of we of the spirituality, will raise your highness such a mighty sum, as never did the clergy at one time†. The church feel they should help pay and offer, so Henry doesn’t have to pay and so going to war wouldn’t cost him anything. Finally, the Dauphin insults him by sending him a chest of tennis balls. The king has already decided to go to war but this just makes him more determined. Henry’s voice is calm and sarcastic when he says, â€Å"we are glad the Dauphin is so pleasant with us†. As he says this, it gets louder and louder, working into a crescendo. He also makes a speech, where he is talking about war like a tennis match, using metaphors. He also uses a lot of repetition at this point to emphasise what he is saying. This just makes Henry even angrier persuading him to go to war. So overall Henry has very strong reasons to go to war with France. However, before going to war, Henry seeked advice for the Salic law. This indicates he takes his responsibilities very seriously. Henry seeks advice, as he doesn’t want to go to war without good reason. The king shows this when he is talking to Canterbury as he says, â€Å"for never two such kingdoms did contend with out much fall of blood, whose guiltless drops†. He tells Canterbury to be careful because he doesn’t want an illegal war. Henry takes this so seriously as he doesn’t want his soldiers to lose their lives unnecessarily and doesn’t want their lives on his conscience. Prior to that, Henry also leaves part of his army in England to guard against an invasion from Scotland. This is illustrated when the king goes â€Å"we must not only arm t’invade the French †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ against the Scots who will make road upon us with all advantages†. This shows that Henry is taking all precautions to protect his country from all aspects. Another example of Henry taking his responsibilities seriously is when he executes his three friends Cambridge, Scroop, Gray and an old friend Bardolf. Henry executes Bardolf as an example to his men and to the French. It shows what type of king they can expect. Henry executes Cambridge, Scroop and Gray as they were not only plotting to kill Henry but tried to ruin everyone in England. This shows Henry isn’t afraid to take difficult decisions as they were his friends but executed them for his country. Henry takes his responsibilities seriously for his country. Thirdly, in the scripts of Henry V it shows Henry as a religious man, which leads me to believe he isn’t a war criminal. To show that Henry is religious, Shakespeare uses constant references to God in his speeches throughout the play. Also Henry says to the French ambassador, who was sent to England with an insulting gift of tennis balls, that â€Å"we are no tyrant but Christian king†. This shows he is religious in his own eyes. In addition to this, Henry asks two priests, Canterbury and Ely to explain the salic law, which allows people to inherit the throne only through men and not women but Henry wants to inherit the French throne through his great – grandmother which the French claim cannot be done. Henry asks Canterbury and Ely for advice and asks them â€Å"justly and religiously†, whether he can claim the French throne or not. More importantly he has to make sure he does not want his soldiers lives on his conscience. Further more, the night before Agincourt, Henry prays to God. He feels he has to apologise for his father’s crime of murdering Richard II and thinks God may take blame on his soldiers and prays he doesn’t. He asks God to look after him and his men’s lives and not turn against them at battle. Later on, after the battle of Agincourt, Henry thanks God by saying â€Å"praised it be God and not our strength for it†. This shows he feels that without God they wouldn’t have won the battle. That their strength couldn’t have done it without help. Henry dedicates the victory to God. Next reason is that Henry is a inspirational leader. This is revealed by the country’s reaction to war. For instance when describing the scene, chorus states â€Å"now all the youth of England are on fire†. This illustrates the country is uniting which was the advice Henry was given by his father on his deathbed. It is also shown in Henrys speeches. In the speech, Harfleur, Henry gives the men something to fight for as he talks to them as though they are all equal and making them remember there fathers to fight as good as them. The king tells them they will all become role models for people who haven’t got courage. Henry is expressing his confidence in them. Henry uses similes like greyhounds are hunting the enemies, which is what the soldiers are doing to the French. Henry right at the end shouts a battle cry, which inspires the men even more. Overall Henry was trying to make them feel good about themselves and not like bad war warriors. In the speech, Agincourt, Henry uses the same techniques in the Harfleur speech. Henry uses a public display of confidence to boost their courage. Henry tells his soldiers that they will get a lot of glory and that they will be remembered. He tells them they are all equal and that they will all bond together. Henry in his speech is not forcing them to do anything they don’t want. Henry tells them they are very special. Henry works the speech into a crescendo, getting louder and louder, making the men get more positive as it goes on. This does the same effect as the Harfleur speeches making the men want to fight. Also, Henry leads by example. This shown in the Agincourt speech and the night before, as when the king was in disguise he said, ‘I myself heard the king say he would not be ransomed’. Also the king tells the Herald just before the battle to leave them alone as he would not be ransomed. As well as that, Henry shares hardships of his men as he makes them feel all equal. Henry feels and acts just like them, common humanity. This is shown in the speeches and the night before Agincourt, where he says ‘ I think the king is but a man as I am’. Henry fights with his men and doesn’t sit back and watch. He feels he should go to battle aswel, making him and his men more equal. Also Henry is very fair and just, this is shown as the king is responsible for the order and peace of his kingdom and Henry deals with this correctly, as he gives the country a stable and fair government. There are two examples of Henry upholding the law. The first is shown in the execution of Bardolph as Henry is operating martial law, no trial. He executes Bardolph as he robbed a French church and he wants to set an example to his soldiers and to the French. This is to show what kind of king he can be to the French citizens. The second example is the execution of Cambridge, Scroop and Gray. This is where three friends of Henry try to endanger him and the whole country, They get executed because they could ruin the whole country, so the act is not of vengeance and he is not using the law as his private means of revenge. The three traitors beg for mercy but the king ignores this, as he cannot forgive someone for doing a crime as everyone may start doing it. Both of these decisions are very difficult for Henry to make as they are his friends but he takes his responsibilities and the law very seriously. This shows he is fair in giving equal treatment to everyone. All that I have mentioned above are showing Henry in a positive light and are good characteristics for an ideal king who takes his responsibilities seriously. However, the other side to Henry, the ruthlessness, doesn’t show him as an inspirational king. Henry does certain things in the play, which would be thought of as controversial today. Henry is very ruthless. For example, when Henry sets the trap for the three traitors; Cambridge, Scroop and Gray. He plays with them making them think they are getting their commissions for the army but instead they are being given death warrants. This shows dramatic irony as the only three people it mainly concerns doesn’t know what’s going on. Henry uses ironic words throughout the scene like ‘kind and gentle knight’. The scene is very ambiguous as he is making them believe that he doesn’t suspect them as they are close friends but really Henry is saying he is going to sort out the traitors, basically they think they are safe but they are not. There are a lot of veiled threats given by the king but are missed by Cambridge, Scroop and Gray. The three traitors use a lot of hypocrisy as they declare their loyalty which is known by us, doesn’t exist. Cambridge, Scroop and Gray make it worse for themselves as they say that Henry should punish a man for a little crime, as everyone will do it otherwise. So this shows for a big crime like treason he cannot be merciful. They are condemning themselves. In the end of the scene they ask for mercy, which the king ignores. Henry describes them as ‘English monsters’. Although this isn’t an act of private vengeance, as they put the whole country at danger and Henry is looking out for the country. Also Henry threatens the people of Harfleur. This is psychological warfare, as he doesn’t carry out the threats. Henry is very cunning in this scene as he puts the destruction of Harfleur on its people. This is done by Henry describing what he will do if they don’t surrender, first of all he threatens to set the town on fire, this is shown when he says ‘Till in her ashes she lie buried’. Henry also says he’ll rape all the girls, illustrating this is ‘Defile the locks of your shrill – shrieking daughters’ and he says he will smash in the old men’s heads, shown when he says ‘Your fathers heads dashed to the walls’. The last thing Henry said he will do is kill the children with spikes, ‘Your naked infants spitted upon pikes’. If the threats that Henry has described really did take place he would be known as a war criminal but Harfleur surrendered before anything could happen so Henry is known as a hero to France and his men not as a war criminal. Henry does this to make France see what kind of king he is as he was told by the Duke of Exeter ‘Use mercy to them all’, so the French don’t think he is a bad king. All Henry is basically doing is working on their imagination. This is not controversial to Henrys’ contemporaries as his first responsibilities are to his own soldiers. Another controversial thing Henry has done is the killing of all the French prisoners, which would have been classed as a war crime today but not in Henrys time. Henry loses his temper and does this out of revenge but I feel this is justified because the French went against the law and killed all the young boys who would of only been armed with a pen knife. This was wrong and the French deserved what they got. It was also a very responsible thing to do as there are not enough soldiers to guard the prisoners and to go into battle as the English are still out numbered five to one, so really it is an important decision to make. There is no criticism from Henrys own soldiers as this is shown when Gower says ‘This king most worthily hath †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Oh, ’tis a gallant king!’ They think Henry has not really committed a crime as the French started it and he was only retaliating. Although I considered the facts about Henry, I don’t feel he committed a crime. Hence I think Henry is not a war criminal but hero as he only does controversial things to help his country and he takes his responsibilities seriously.

Kamala Das Essays

Kamala Das Essays Kamala Das Essay Kamala Das Essay Programme: MEG Course Code: MEG-07 Dear Student, You will have one assignment for the Masters Degree in English MEG-07), which will be a Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA) and will carry 100 marks. It will be based on blocks I to 8. Aims: This assignment is concerned mainly with assessing your application and your understanding of the course material. You are not required to reproduce chunks of information from the course material but to use the skills of critical appreciation that you may have acquired during the course of study. This assignment aims to teach as well as to assess your performance. Instructions: Before attempting the questions please read the following instructions carefully. . Read the detailed instructions about the assignments given in the Programme Guide for Elective Courses. 2. Write your Enrolment Number, Name, Full Address and Date on the top right corner of 3. the first page ofyour response sheet(s). Write the Course Title, Assignment Numbe r and the Name of the Study Centre you are attached to in the centre ofthe first page ofyour response sheet (s). The top of the first page of your response sheet should look like this: Enrollment No. : .. Name: Address: Course Title: Assignment No. : Studv Centre: Date: 4. Use only foolscap size paper for your response and tag all the Pages carefully. 5. Write the relevant question number with each answer. 6. You should write in your own handwriting. 7. Submission: The completed assignment should be sent to the Coordinator of the Study Centre allotted to you by 31st Nlarch, 2013 (for July, 2012 session) and 30th Sept 2013 (for January 2013 session). Please read the instructions given in the Programme Guide. Now read the following guidelines carefully before answering questions. 1 46 GUIDELINES FOR TMAS You will find it useful to keep the following points in mind: t. lanning: Read the questions carefully. Go through the units on which they are based. Make some points regarding each question and then rearrange these in a logical order. And please write the answers in your own words. Do not reproduce passages from the units. outline 2. Organisation: Be a little more selective and analyic before drawing up a rough of your answer. In an essay-type question, give adequate attention to your introduction and and conclusion. The introduction must offer your brief interpretation of the question how your propose to develop it. The conclusion must summarise your response to the question. In the course of your answer, you may like to make references to other texts or critics as this will add some depth to your analysis. Make sure that your answer: a) is logical and coherent; b) has clear connections befween sentences and paragraphs; c) is written d) correctly giving adequate consideration to your expression, style and presentation; does not exceed the number of words indicated in your question. 3. presentation: Once you are satisfied with your answers, you can write down the final ersion for submission, writing each answer neatly and underlining the points you wish to emphasize. You may be aware that you need to submit your assignments before you can appear for the Term End Exams. Please remember to keep a copy of your completed assignment just in case the one you submitteil is lost in transit. Good luck with your work! precondition of permission of appearing in examination. you have not submitted the assign ment in time you will not be allowed to appear in examinution. If 36 ^L MEG-07: INDIAN ENGLISH LITERATURE ASSIGNMENT (Based on Blocks 1-8) Programme: Mf,G Assignment Code: MBG -7 ITN{A 2012-2013 Maximum Marks: 100 From among the following non-fiction passages enunciate Two writers ideas of Indian culture and tradition. (250 words each) (10) (i) Swami Vivekanandas Welcome. addresses at the Parliament of Religions Response (ii) Sri Aurobindos, Is India Civilized? (iii)Anand Commaraswamys The Dance of Shiva. Write down the plot of (Jntouchable. (450 words) Discuss Midnights Children as a landmark in the history of Indian Novel in English (450 4. 5. 2. -t (10) words) ) (10) (10) Critique any one short story of a woman writer prescribed in your course. 450 words Discuss any two poets of the Indian English poetry in your course justifuing your liking for them (500 words) 6. 1. (10) (10) Discuss the themes inDattanis Tara. Annotate the following in 250 words each (5X5 = 25) (i) (ii) Why hangst thou lonely on yon withered bough? Unstrung for ever, must thou there remain; Thy music once was swegt- who hears it now? Life, death, -death, life; the words have lead for ages Our thought and consciousness and firmly seemed Two opposites; but now long-hidden pages Are opened, liberating truths undreamed. Life only is, or death is life disguised, Life a short death until by life we are surprised I grew in terror ofthe strong But undernourished Hindu lads, Their preposition always wrong, Repelled me by passiviry. One noise day I used a knife (iii) (iv) Be Amy, or be Kamala. Or, better Still, be Madhavikutty. It is time to Choose a name, a role. Dont play pretending games. 36 al (v) . -8. he popped a stone in his mouth and spat out gods. Write short notes (250 words each) on the following: (1s) (i) (ii) (iii) Structure of Clear Light of DaY Element of romanticism in the early English poetry Stagecraft ofTara. ; q( 3e

How to Wear Your Workout Clothes to the Office

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Theory of the 1970s and minimalism Essay Example for Free

Theory of the 1970s and minimalism Essay The Extended and the minimalism in the generative tradition are notions used in linguistics which explains different aspects of the language. The Extended Standard Theory was formulated in the late 1960s to early 1970s and specifically in 1965 to 1973 (Chomsky, 1965) while the minimalism started way back in the 1950s. They have both been used over time by learners in different times for criticism and for learning and understanding linguistics. The Extended Standard Theory has two features namely the syntactic constraints and the generalized phrase features also known as the X-bar theory. The X-bar theory is a linguistics theory component which attempts to identify syntactic features common to all languages. It explains that all languages have some certain shared structural similarities, including the ‘X-bar’ which does not appear in traditional phrase. On contrary, Chomsky (1995) discussed how minimalist approaches to phrase structure have resulted in ‘Bare Phrase Structure’ which attempts to eliminate X-bar Theory. Therefore in as much as the Extended Standard Theory uses the X-bar theory to explain syntactic features common to all languages, the minimalism in the generative tradition explains that all languages have some certain shared structural similarities. Minimalism program is a much transformational grammar inspired by Chomsky. The program aims at the further development of ideas involving economy of derivation and economy of representation which had become important earlier. Economy of derivation in this aspect is a principle stating movements and occurs in order to match interpretable features with uninterruptable features such as inflection. Inflection is also referred to as inflexion and helps modify word forms to handle grammatical relations and relational categories such as tense, gender, case or mood. The principle of economy of representation is that structures must exist for a purpose and should satisfy constraints. Another aspect of minimalism thought is the idea that, the derivation of synaptic structures should be uniform in that rules should not be stipulated as applying at arbitrary points in a derivation, but instead applies throughout derivations. Minimalism in the generative tradition also tries to give a distinction of deep structure of a linguistic expression with a theoretical construct that seeks to unify several related structures. The Extended Standard Theory on the other hand does not describe any of the two derivations but works with syntactic constraints and the generalized phrase features. The usage of the term ‘transformation’ in linguistics refers to a rule that takes an input typically called the Deep Structure (in the Standard Theory) or D-structure (in the Extended Standard Theory or government and binding theory) and changes it in some restricted way to result in a Surface Structure (or S-structure). An example of a transformation in TG is the operation of subject-auxiliary inversion. Subject- auxiliary in English occurs when an auxiliary verb precedes a subject. By the time of the Extended Standard Theory in the 1970s, due to the work of Joseph Emonds on structure preservation, transformations came to be viewed as holding over the trees. By the late 1980s at the end of the government and binding theory, transformation were viewed not as mere structure changing operations but as ways to add information to already existing trees by coping constituents. Earlier there was a conception that transformations were construction- specific devices but this was made clearer s discussed above. The minimalist program on the other hand was a radical revision of the theory. The Extended structural Theory emphasizes on the importance of modern formal mathematical devices in the development of grammatical theory. The minimalism in the generative tradition on the other hand does not emphasize on the importance of formal mathematical devices. The generative tradition is a technical as it is well understood that linguistic processes are in some sense creative for expressing a system of recursive processes. The focus is has been made on the deep and surface structures. The deep structure seeks to unify several related structures while the surface structure is derived from the deep structure by transformational rules. In the Extended Standard Theory, more technically sophisticated proposals about the structure of language have been made. This theory argues that all languages are presumed to follow the same set of rules which may vary depending on the values of certain universal linguistic parameters. In a 1983 article, Newmeyer discussed how, this assumption is very strong and brings the big difference between the two theories of language. Minimalism has the idea that the derivation of syntactic structures should be uniform. This means that rules should not be stipulated as applying at arbitrary points in a derivation, but instead applies throughout derivations. Minimalism ideas and approaches to phrase structure have resulted in an attempt to eliminate x-bar theory. In conclusion, both notions; The Extended Standard Theory and the minimalism generative tradition may be somewhat vague and indeed the precise formulation of these principles is controversial. The practicability of these notions should be further evaluated regarding their success. None of the two should be undermined since both have some importance and are of help in understanding linguistics. References Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge: MIT Press. Chomsky, N. (1995). The Minimalist Program. Cambridge: MIT Press. Hawkins, J. A. (1983). Word Order Universals. New York: Academic Press. Jackendoff, R. (1974). Semantic Interpretation in Generative Grammar. Cambridge: MIT Press. Newmeyer, F. J. (1983). Grammatical Theory. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.